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Organic Remains of a Former World. Whittinham, London,连环夺宝, 1804. Volume 1, p. 26锛夈�傝�屽湪1938骞村嚭鐗堢殑涓�鏈湴璐ㄥ涔︿腑锛岃繖涓晠浜嬬殑鏁欒偛鎰忎箟鍙堝彉鎴愬畠浣胯澶氫笉绉戝鐨勫寲鐭宠捣婧愬亣璇村彈鍒拌嚧鍛戒竴鍑汇�傦紙Frank Dawson Adams. THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1938. pp. 259-260锛夈�備负浠�涔堜細鍙戠敓杩欐牱鐨勫彉鍖栧憿锛熻繖鏄洜涓猴紝鍒颁簡鍗佷節涓栫邯鍚庢湡锛屸�滀笘閬撯�濆彉浜嗐�� 銆�銆�鍘熸潵锛屽湪杈惧皵鏂囩殑銆婄墿绉嶈捣婧愩�嬪嚭鐗堜箣鍚庯紝瑗挎柟绉戝鐣屽叴璧蜂簡涓�鑲′粐鎭ㄥ畻鏁欑殑鎬濇疆銆�75骞达紝缇庡浗绾界害澶у鏁欐巿寰锋媺鐝�锛圝ohn William Draper, 1811-1882锛夊嚭浜嗕竴鏈功锛屽悕涓恒�婂畻鏁欎笌绉戝鍐茬獊鍙层�嬶紙HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE锛夈�傝繖鏈功涓�绾搁琛岋紝涓ゅ勾涔嬪唴灏卞嚭浜嗗崄鐗堛��96骞达紝鏇句换缇庡浗搴峰灏斿ぇ瀛﹂浠绘牎闀跨殑鎬�鐗癸紙Andrew Dickson White, 1832-1918锛変篃鍑轰簡涓�鏈功锛屽悕涓恒�婂熀鐫ｆ暀涓栫晫绉戝涓庣瀛﹀ぇ鎴樺巻鍙层�嬶紙A HISTORY OF THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE WITH THEOLOGY IN CHRISTENDOM锛夈�傛��鐗圭殑涔﹁櫧鐒跺湪鏈�鍒濇病鏈夊痉鎷夌弨鐨勪功閭ｄ箞娴佽锛屼絾鍥犱负鎬�鐗瑰湪涔︿腑寮曠粡鎹吀锛屽緢鍍忔槸涓�鏈缁忕殑瀛︽湳钁椾綔锛屽洜姝ゅ畠鐨勫奖鍝嶅悗鏉ュ眳涓婏紝骞朵笖鎸佺画鑷充粖鈥斺��06骞达紝骞胯タ甯堣寖澶у鍑虹増绀惧嚭鐗堜簡杩欐湰涔︾殑涓瘧鏈紝鎶婁功鍚嶈瘧涓恒�婂熀鐫ｆ暀涓栫晫绉戝涓庣瀛﹁鎴樺彶銆嬧�斺�旀妸鐏嵂鍛冲崄瓒崇殑Warfare璇戜负鈥滆鎴樷�濓紝鍙璇ヤ功鐨勮瘧鑰呴璐逛簡涓�鐣�滃尃蹇冣�濄�� 銆�銆�浠呬粠杩欎袱鏈功鐨勪功鍚嶅氨鍙互鐭ラ亾锛屽畠浠殑涓绘棬鏄鎵湪绉戝涓庡畻鏁欎箣闂村瓨鍦ㄧ潃鏍规湰鐨勩�佷笉鍙皟鍜岀殑鐭涚浘鍜屽啿绐侊紝鑰屽畻鏁欎唬琛ㄦ剼鏄ч粦鏆楄惤鍚庯紝绉戝鍒欎唬琛ㄧ悊鏅哄厜鏄庡厛杩涖�傝繖灏辨槸绉戝鍙蹭笂鎵�璋撶殑鈥滃啿绐佸璇粹�濓紙Conflict thesis锛夌殑涓昏鍐呭銆傛樉鐒讹紝鏂硅垷瀛愬瀹楁暀銆佸挨鍏舵槸瀵瑰熀鐫ｆ暀鐨勯偅绉嶈帿鍚嶅叾濡欑殑鍒婚浠囨仺锛屽叾绉嶅瓙灏辨槸鏉ヨ嚜杩欎釜鈥滃璇粹�濄�傚彧涓嶈繃鏄紝杩欎釜鈥滃璇粹�濇棭鍦ㄤ簩鍗佷笘绾腑鍙跺氨宸茶瑗挎柟涓绘祦瀛︽湳鐣屾墍鎶涘純锛岀敋鑷冲斁寮冦�傦紙璇﹁缁村熀鐧剧锛孾en.wikipedia.org]锛夈�傝繖鏄负浠�涔堝憿锛熶富瑕佸師鍥犲氨鏄紝鎸佲�滃啿绐佸璇粹�濊鐐圭殑浜猴紝鎴栬�呮槸瀵瑰畻鏁欏厖婊″亸瑙侊紝鎴栬�呮槸缃旈【浜嬪疄銆佺紪閫犺皫瑷�锛堜緥瑙侊細Stark. R. FOR THE GLORY OF GOD. Princeton University Press, 2003锛夈�� 銆�銆�鈥滃啿绐佸璇粹�濈紪閫犵殑涓�涓憲鍚嶈皫瑷�灏辨槸閭ｅ満琚悗浜烘触娲ヤ箰閬撱�佸苟涓旇缂栬繘浜嗕腑鍥戒腑瀛︽暀鏉愮殑鈥滆但鑳ラ粠涓庡▉灏斾集绂忔柉涔嬩簤鈥濓紙Huxley Wilberforce debate锛夈�傛牴鎹紶缁熻娉曪紝涓轰簡鍙嶅杈惧皵鏂囪繘鍖栬锛屽綋鏃跺畻鏁欏娍鍔涚殑浠ｈ〃銆佺墰娲ヤ富鏁欏▉灏斾集绂忔柉鍦ㄤ笌鈥滆揪灏旀枃鐨勬枟鐘�濊但鑳ラ粠杈╄鏃讹紝鏇句互鍢茬瑧鍜屽偛鎱㈢殑鍙ｅ惢闂鏂癸細鍒板簳鏄綘鐨勭埛鐖疯繕鏄ザ濂舵槸浠庣尨瀛愬彉鏉ョ殑锛熻�岃但鑳ラ粠鍒欎笉鍗戜笉浜㈠湴鍥炵瓟璇达紝鑷繁瀵规湁涓�涓尨瀛愪綔涓虹鍏堝苟涓嶆劅鍒扮緸鑰伙紝浣嗘槸锛屼粬鍗翠负鑷繁涓庡彟涓�涓埄鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鎵嶈兘鏉ヨ挋钄界湡鐞嗙殑浜轰负浼嶈�屾劅鍒扮緸鑰汇�傦紙鈥淗e was not ashamed to have a monkey for an ancestor; but he would be ashamed to be connected with a man who used great gifts to obscure the truth.鈥濊锛欻uxley, T. H. AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND SELECTED ESSAYS. Houghton Mifflin, 1909. p. vii锛夈�傝但鑳ラ粠鐨勫弽鍑绘槸閭ｄ箞鏈夊姏锛屽叾缁撴灉鏄畻鏁欏娍鍔涗竴璐ユ秱鍦帮紝閭ｅ満杈╄涔熻绉颁负鈥滃崄涔濅笘绾粎娆′簬婊戦搧鍗㈢殑钁楀悕澶ф垬鈥濓紙鈥淣o battle of the nineteenth century,女性延缓衰老吃什么好, save Waterloo, is better known.鈥� Moore, J. R. THE POST-DARWINIAN CONTROVERSIES. Cambridge University Press, 1981. p. 60.锛夊彲鎯滅殑鏄紝杩欎釜杩戜箮绁炶瘽鐨勬晠浜嬫槸鍚庝汉鏉滄挵鍑烘潵鐨勶紝涓�涓噸瑕佺殑璇佹嵁灏辨槸锛岃繛璧儱榛庢湰浜哄湪鑷紶涓兘娌℃湁鎻愬強杩欎釜涓嶆溄鐨勪笟缁┿�傦紙瑙侊細Lucas, J. R. 1979. Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter. The Historical Journal 22:313-330锛孾users.ox.ac.uk]锛汼tark. R. FOR THE GLORY OF GOD. pp. 187-189.锛� 銆�銆�鈥滃啿绐佸璇粹�濈紪閫犵殑鍙︿竴涓皫瑷�灏辨槸鎶婂竷椴佽鎵撻�犳垚鈥滅瀛︾儓澹�濓紝璇翠粬鍥犱负鍧氫俊鍝ョ櫧灏肩殑鏃ュ績璇磋缃楅┈澶╀富鏁欎細鍒や负寮傜锛屾渶缁堣鐏儳姝汇�傚痉鎷夌弨鍦ㄣ�婂畻鏁欎笌绉戝鍐茬獊鍙层�嬩腑锛屾湁涓�绔犱笓闂ㄨ鈥滐紙鏁欎細锛夎皨鏉�甯冮瞾璇衡�濄�傛��鐗瑰垯鏇翠负鐓芥儏鍦拌锛屸�滃綋鎴戜滑鎬�鐫�宕囨暚鐨勫績鎯呮潵缂呮��閭ｄ簺缁ф壙琚畻鏁欏娍鍔涗腑鏂簡鍗冧綑骞寸殑甯岃厞鎬濇兂澶ф疆鐨勫厛椹辨椂锛屾垜浠鍏堝氨瑕佹彁鍒板竷椴佽銆傗�濓紙鈥淔irst of those who should be mentioned with reverence as beginning to develop again that current of Greek thought which the system drawn from our sacred books by the fathers and doctors of the Church had interrupted for more than a thousand years, was Giordano Bruno.鈥漌hite, A. D. A HISTORY OF THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE WITH THEOLOGY IN CHRISTENDOM. D. Appleton & Co., 1896. p. 57.锛変絾浜嬪疄鏄紝甯冮瞾璇烘棦涓嶆槸绉戝瀹讹紝浠栬鐑ф涔熶笌鍝ョ櫧灏肩殑鏃ュ績璇存病鏈変粈涔堝叧绯汇�傦紙璇﹁缁村熀鐧剧锛孾en.wikipedia.org]锛夈�� 銆�銆�鍙瑧鐨勬槸锛屾柟鑸熷瓙涓�闈㈤潪瑕佽拷璁ゅ竷椴佽涓衡�滅瀛︾儓澹�濓紙鏂硅垷瀛愶細銆婄瀛﹀彶涓婅憲鍚嶅叕妗堚�斺�斿竷椴佽鏄笉鏄瀛︾儓澹紵銆嬶紝2008骞��ャ�婄粡娴庤瀵熸姤銆嬶紝[www.xys.org]锛夛紝涓�闈㈠鈥滄皯闂寸瀛﹀鈥濅滑鐥涗笅鏉�鎵嬶紝闈炶鏂╁敖鏉�缁濅笉鍙紝鍙殻鈥滃苟闈炴墍鏈夌殑寮傜鍒嗗瓙閮芥槸浼藉埄鐣ャ�佸竷椴佽锛屼簨瀹炰笂锛岀粷澶ч儴鍒嗙殑寮傜鍒嗗瓙閮戒笉杩囨槸璺虫灏忎笐銆傗�濓紙鏂硅垷瀛愶細銆婁负浠�涔堟垜浠笉搴旇鐩镐俊绁炵鐜拌薄銆嬶紝銆奛ewton-绉戝涓栫晫銆�01骞寸7鏈燂紝[www.xys.org]锛夈�傝繖鍏朵腑鐨勭煕鐩句箣澶勬湁浜岋細绗竴锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鏄竴涓繛鑷繁鐨勪笓涓氶兘鎼炰笉鎳傜殑鍗婂悐瀛愨�滅敓鐗╁寲瀛﹀鈥濓紝瀵逛簬绉戝鍙诧紝璇翠粬鏄�滄皯绉戔�濋兘鏈夋姮楂樹粬鐨勫珜鐤戙�傚彲鏄紝杩欎綅鈥滄皯闂寸瀛﹀彶涓撳鈥濆嵈鏁㈢珯鍦ㄨ嚜宸卞鐨勭倳澶村ぇ楠傞偅浜涚鐝嚭韬�佸苟涓斿湪瑗挎柟绉戝鍙插鐣屽崰鎹富娴佸湴浣嶇殑涓撳瀛﹁�咃紝绉颁粬浠槸鈥滀竴浜涗汉鏂囧鑰呪�濄�傝�岃繖浜涘鑰呰楠傜殑鍞竴鍘熷洜灏辨槸浠栦滑閫氳繃澶ч噺鐨勫鏈憲浣滄帹缈讳簡鈥滃啿绐佸璇粹�濄�傚叾瀹烇紝閭ｄ簺鈥滀汉鏂囧鑰呪�濆摢涓殑绉戝閫犺涓嶆瘮杩欎綅鈥滃鏈墦鍋囨枟澹�濆己鐧惧�嶏紵涓斾笉鎻愰偅浣嶈憲鍚嶇瀛﹀彶瀛﹁�呭簱鎭╋紙Thomas Samuel Kuhn锛夋槸鍝堜經澶у鐨勬鐗岀墿鐞嗗鍗氬＋锛屽彧璇撮偅浣嶅洜涓洪殧鐫�澶钩娲嬫寚璐ｆ柟鑸熷瓙鎶勮鑰岃湚澹颁腑鍥界殑缃椾集鐗�•椴佺壒-浼仼鏂潶锛屼粬鏄瀹楃瀛﹀彶涓撲笟鐨勫崥澹紝鍙粬鐜板湪鍗村湪瀵嗘瓏鏍瑰窞绔嬪ぇ瀛︽媴浠荤敓鐞嗗鏁欐巿锛屽湪銆婄瀛︺�嬫潅蹇椾笂鍙戣〃鐢熺悊瀛�em>鏂囩珷鈥斺�旀柟鑸熷瓙鍝緢瀛愭墠鑳藉璧跺緱涓婁汉瀹讹紵鏂硅垷瀛愮殑鍙︿竴涓彲绗戜箣澶勫氨鏄紝浠栬嚜宸辨槸涓�涓交澶村交灏剧殑鈥滄皯绉戔��+鈥滆烦姊佸皬涓戔�濓紝浣嗕粬鍗村ぇ楠傚叾浠栤�滄皯绉戔�濇槸鈥滆烦姊佸皬涓戔�濄�傞棶棰樻槸锛屼竴涓烦姊佸皬涓戞湁浠�涔堣祫鏍艰鍒汉鏄�滆烦姊佸皬涓戔�濓紵鍗充娇鏈夛紝浠栧張鏄敤浠�涔堟硶鏈紝鑳藉浠庘�滅粷澶ч儴鍒嗘槸璺虫灏忎笐鈥濈殑寮傜鍒嗗瓙涓妸浼藉埄鐣ャ�佸竷椴佽鍖哄垎銆侀壌瀹氬嚭鏉ワ紵 銆�銆�鎵�浠ヨ锛屾柟鑸熷瓙涔嬫祦鏄竴浼欐墦鐫�绉戝鐨勬棗鍙枫�佸共鐫�姣斾粬浠墍璇寸殑鈥滄瀬姣掓暀鈥濊繕瑕佲�滄瀬姣掆�濄�侀偑鎭剁殑鍕惧綋銆� 銆�銆�锛�夆�滆皫鐭斥�濆彉鈥滆皫璇粹�� 銆�銆� 涔熷氨鏄湪鈥滃啿绐佸璇粹�濈敋鍤ｅ皹涓婄殑鍗佷節涓栫邯鏈紝鍊掗湁铔嬫煆鏋楃埖鍙堟湁浜嗘柊鐨勫埄鐢ㄤ环鍊硷細浠栦笉浠呮槸鑷繁杞讳俊鐨勭壓鐗插搧锛岃�屼笖鏄弽鍔ㄥ畻鏁欏娍鍔涚殑鐗虹壊鍝併�傚湪鎬�鐗圭殑涔︿腑锛屾煆鏋楃埖杩欎釜渚嬪瓙琚嬁鏉ヨ瘉鏄庤繖鏍风殑瑙傜偣锛氬嵆浣垮湪绁炲鍔垮姏寮傚父寮哄ぇ鐨勬椂鏈燂紝绁炲涔熸槸閭ｄ箞鐨勬剼锠€�佸彲鎮层�佸彲绗戙�傛寜鐓ф��鐗圭殑璇存硶锛屾煆鏋楃埖涔嬫墍浠ュ彈楠楋紝鏄洜涓轰粬鍧氫俊杩欐牱涓�涓悊璁猴細鍖栫煶鏄竴绉嶁�滅壒娈婄殑鐭冲ご锛屾槸澶ц嚜鐒剁殑浣滆�呬负浜嗚嚜濞辫�岄殣钘忚捣鏉ョ殑鈥濄�傦紙鈥淏eringer, for the greater glory of God, had previously committed himself so completely to the theory that fossils are simply 鈥榮tones of a peculiar sort, hidden by the Author of Nature for his own pleasure,鈥欌�濊锛歐hite,皇冠开户, A. D. p. 216.锛夋��鐗逛笉浠呬娇鐢ㄤ簡寮曞彿锛岃�屼笖杩樼粰鍑轰簡寮曟枃鐨勫嚭澶勶細鈥淪ee Beringer's Lithographiæ etc, p. 91.鈥濋仐鎲剧殑鏄紝鍗充娇濡傛锛岃皫瑷�浠嶆棫鏄皫瑷�锛堜笅璇︼級銆� 銆�銆�鎬�鐗圭殑鏁呬簨鍥犱负鈥滆█涔嬫湁鎹�濊�屽緱浠ュ箍娉涗紶鎾�傝�屼紶鎾繖涓皫瑷�鏈�鍗栧姏鐨勪汉锛屽氨鏄悍濂堝皵澶у涓�涓悕鍙豹鏂浖锛圠eon Augustus Hausman锛夌殑楦熷瀹垛�斺�斿湪1920骞村墠鍚庯紝浠栧湪鍚勭被鏉傚織涓婂彂琛ㄤ簡澶氱瘒鍐呭鍑犱箮瀹屽叏鐩稿悓鐨�em>鏂囩珷锛屾潵璁茶堪杩欎釜鈥滆皫鐭斥�濇晠浜嬶紙渚嬭锛欻ausman, L. A. 1916. The 鈥淟ithographiae Wircebrugensis鈥� of Beringer. School science and mathematics 16:573-584锛汬ausman, L. A. 1920. The Figured Stones of Wurzburg. Scientific American monthly 2:199-201锛汬ausman, L. A. 1922. The Famous Fossil Hoax. The Mentor 10:40-42.锛夎豹鏂浖鏁呬簨鐨勬牳蹇冨氨鏄氨鏄紝鏌忔灄鐖垫彁鍑轰簡杩欐牱涓�涓悊璁猴紝骞朵笖瀵逛箣鍧氫俊涓嶇枒锛氬寲鐭充笉杩囨槸鈥滀竴绉嶅ぇ鑷劧鐨勪綔鑰咃紙涓婂笣锛夎嚜寰楀叾涔愬湴鍩嬭棌璧锋潵鐨勭壒娈婄煶澶粹�濓紙寮曞彿鍐呮枃瀛楁潵鑷柟鑸熷瓙鐨勩�婄煶澶翠篃浼氳璋庛�嬶級锛岃�屼笂甯濅箣鎵�浠ヨ鎶婅繖浜涚壒娈婄殑鐭冲ご鏀惧湪鍦扮悆涓婏紝鏄妫�楠屼汉绫荤殑淇″康銆傦紙鈥淗e advanced an original theory that fossils were merely a capricious fabrication of the Creator, placed in the earth to test human faith.鈥� The Mentor 10:40.锛変笉鐢ㄨ锛屽湪涓婇潰鍒楀嚭鐨勪笁绡�em>鏂囩珷涓紝璞柉鏇奸兘娌℃湁璇村嚭浠栫殑鍑哄鏄粈涔堛�� 銆�銆�鍙兂鑰岀煡锛岃繖涓幒鍏ヤ簡涓婂笣鐨勮皫鐭虫晠浜嬬増鏈�滄剰涔夆�濇洿澶э紝涔熸洿涓虹敓鍔紝鍥犳瀹冪殑娴佷紶涔熸洿骞裤�傝�屾妸杩欎釜鈥滆皫璇粹�濅紶鎾粰鈥滀腑鍥介潚骞粹�濅箖鑷斥�滅寤洪潚骞粹�濅箣浜猴紝灏辨槸銆婁腑鍥介潚骞存姤銆嬬殑涓撴爮浣滃鏂硅垷瀛愩�� 銆�銆�閭ｄ箞锛屼负浠�涔堣杩欎釜鏁呬簨鐨勬��鐗光�旇豹鏂浖鐗堟湰鏄�滆皫璇粹�濆憿锛� 銆�銆�鍘熸潵锛屾煆鏋楃埖鐨勪功锛岃櫧鐒跺嚭浜嗕袱鐗堬紝浣嗘祦浼犱笅鏉ョ殑骞朵笉澶氾紝涓�鑸汉寰堝皯鑳藉鐪嬪埌銆傚湪20涓栫邯鍒濓紝杩欐湰涔﹀氨鎴愪簡鏀惰棌瀹剁殑鐚庣墿锛岀幇鍦紝杩欐湰涔﹁兘澶熷崠鍒颁笂涓囩編鍏冪殑浠锋牸銆備笉浠呭姝わ紝杩欐湰涔︽槸鐢ㄦ媺涓佹枃鍐欑殑锛屽埌浜嗕簩鍗佷笘绾互鍚庯紝鎳傛媺涓佹枃鐨勪汉瓒婃潵瓒婂皯銆傛洿涓轰笉骞哥殑鏄紝鏌忔灄鐖电殑鎷変竵鏂囦技涔庤繃浜庤壈娣憋紝鎴栬�呰繃浜庡崕涓斤紝杩炵編鍥借憲鍚嶅彜鐢熺墿瀛﹀銆佸搱浣涘ぇ瀛︽暀鎺堝彜灏斿痉瀵规閮芥劅鍒板ご鐤间笉宸层�傛墍浠ワ紝涓�鏃︽��鐗圭粰鍑轰簡寮曟枃锛屽苟涓旂粰鍑轰簡椤电爜锛屼汉浠技涔庢病鏈夌悊鐢卞杩欎綅钁楀悕鏁欒偛瀹躲�佸浜ゅ锛堟��鐗规浘浠荤編鍥介┗寰峰浗澶т娇锛変骇鐢熸��鐤戙�傝�岃豹鏂浖鐨�em>鏂囩珷锛屼笉浠呰█涔嬪嚳鍑匡紝鑰屼笖鍦ㄧ讲鍚嶄箣鏃讹紝涓�鑸澶瑰甫搴峰灏斿ぇ瀛︽垨鑰匬h.D.鍚嶅彿锛屽苟涓旀槸鍙戣〃鍦ㄤ弗鑲冨垔鐗╀箣涓婏紝鍥犳涓嶇敱浜轰笉淇°�傛墍浠ワ紝鐩村埌浠婂ぉ锛岃繖涓増鏈櫧鐒跺湪瀛︽湳钁椾綔涓棭宸查攢澹板尶杩癸紝浣嗘槸鍦ㄥぇ浼楄鐗╀腑锛屼粛鏃ф祦浼犻骞裤�� 銆�銆�浣嗘槸锛岃皫瑷�涓嶇娴佷紶澶氫箞骞匡紝缁堢┒杩樻槸璋庤█銆�63骞达紝鏌忔灄鐖电殑閭ｆ湰涔﹁缇庡浗鍔犲窞澶у鍘嗗彶瀛﹀Melvin E. Jahn鍜孌aniel J. Woolf缈昏瘧鎴愯嫳鏂囧嚭鐗堛�傦紙THE LYING STONES OF DR. JOHANN BARTHOLOMEW ADAM BERINGER: BEING HIS LITHOGRAPHIÆ WIRCEBURGENSIS. University of California Press, 1963.锛夎繖鏈功杩樻湁鍑犱釜闄勫綍锛屽叾涓渶閲嶈鐨勫氨鏄檮褰曚簩锛圓ppendix B: An Account of the Beringer Hoax and of the Subsequent Trials锛夛紝鍏朵富浣撴槸寰峰浗鍘嗗彶瀛﹀Heinrich Kirchner鍦�35骞村彂鐜扮殑1726骞翠箤鍏瑰牎娉曞涵瀹＄悊鏌忔灄鐖佃瘔妗堢殑璁板綍銆傚湪杩欎釜璁板綍涔嬪墠锛岃繕鏈変竴绡囧緢闀跨殑鍓嶈█锛屽彊杩拌繖涓瀛愮殑缁忚繃銆傚湪杩欑瘒鍓嶈█涓紝鏈夎繖鏍蜂竴娈佃瘽锛� 銆�銆�鈥淲e read of an 鈥榦riginal鈥� theory supposedly advanced by Beringer鈥攖hat the stones were merely 鈥榗apricious fabrication of God,鈥� hidden in the earth for some inscrutable purpose, possibly to test the faith of man.鈥︹�hese fables have been printed innumerable times and can be found in most biographical encyclopedias and dictionaries.鈥濓紙p. 127.锛� 銆�銆�銆愯瘧鏂囷細鎴戜滑璇诲埌涓�涓嵁璇存槸鏌忔灄鐖垫彁鍑虹殑鈥滃師鍒涒�濈悊璁猴細閭ｄ簺鐭冲ご涓嶈繃鏄�滀笂甯濊嚜寰楀叾涔愮殑浣滃搧鈥濓紝鍥犱负涓嶄负浜虹煡鐨勭洰鐨勮棌鍦ㄥ湴鐞冧笂锛屽彲鑳芥槸瑕佹祴楠屼汉绫荤殑淇″康銆傗�︹�﹁繖浜涙棤绋戒箣璋堣缈诲嵃浜嗘棤鏁版锛屽彲浠ュ湪缁濆ぇ澶氭暟浼犺鐧剧鍏ㄤ功鍜岃瘝鍏镐腑鎵惧埌銆傘�� 銆�銆�鎴栬�呮槸瑕佺粰鎬�鐗圭暀鐐瑰効鑴搁潰锛屾垨鑰呮槸鍥犱负璞柉鏇肩殑鏂囩珷琚炕鍗板緱澶锛岃鏂囩殑浣滆�呭皢鐭涘ご鐩存寚璞柉鏇笺�傚叾瀹烇紝涓嶄粎楦熷瀹剁殑璇存硶鏄�滄棤绋戒箣璋堚�濓紝灏辫繛浠栫殑鑰佹牎闀挎��鐗圭殑璇存硶涔熷瓙铏氫箤鏈夈�傛牴鎹剰澶у埄娉粦绾冲ぇ瀛﹀浘涔﹂鍦ㄧ綉涓婂叕甯冪殑鏌忔灄鐖佃繖鏈功鐨勫師鏂囷紙瑙侊細[amshistorica.cib.unibo.it]锛夛紝鎬�鐗圭殑寮曟枃搴旇鍑鸿嚜璇ヤ功绗崄涓夌珷銆傚彲鏄紝鍦ㄨ嫳鏂囩増涓紝涓嶄粎绗崄涓夌珷娌℃湁閭ｆ牱鐨勮瘽锛屽氨杩炲叏涔︿篃鎵句笉鍒扮被浼肩殑鍙ュ瓙銆傚敮涓�涓庢��鐗瑰紩鏂囨湁鐐瑰効鍏宠仈鐨勶紝鏄鍗佷笁绔犱腑鐨勮繖娈佃瘽锛� 銆�銆�鈥淪hould I, then, have recourse to the opinion of a nameless author quoted by Spencer and referred to (somewhat testily) by Büttner in his Coralliographia Subterranea: that it is of the very nature of these stones to be figured, that they are uniquely formed by the Author of Nature, who, in His omnipotent creative causality, lavishes a no less generous variety upon stones than upon plants and animal?鈥濓紙pp. 104-105.锛� 銆�銆�銆愯瘧鏂囷細閭ｄ箞锛屾垜鏄笉鏄簲璇ユ帴鍙椾竴浣嶆棤鍚嶆皬鐨勮鐐癸紝杩欎釜瑙傜偣琚柉瀹惧寮曠敤锛屽苟涓旇鍗滅壒绾冲湪浠栫殑涔︿腑鎻愬埌锛氳繖浜涘浘褰㈢煶澶寸殑鏈川鏄紝瀹冧滑琚嚜鐒剁殑浣滆�呮墍鐗瑰埗锛屼粬鐢ㄦ棤鎵�涓嶈兘鐨勫垱閫犲姏锛屽氨鍍忓垱閫犲嚭鍚勭鍚勬牱鐨勬鐗╁拰鍔ㄧ墿涓�鏍凤紝涔熷垱閫犲嚭鍚勭鍚勬牱鐨勭煶澶达紵銆� 銆�銆�涔熷氨鏄锛岀涓�锛屾彁鍑轰笂甯濋�犵煶鐞嗚鐨勪汉骞朵笉鏄煆鏋楃埖锛岃�屾槸涓�涓棤鍚嶆皬锛涚浜岋紝鏌忔灄鐖靛杩欎釜鐞嗚骞舵病鏈夆�滃潥淇♀�濓紝鑰屾槸鈥滃皢淇″皢鐤戔�濃�斺�旀暣娈佃瘽浠ョ枒闂紡寮�濮嬶紝浠ラ棶鍙风粨灏俱�傝繖杩樹笉鑳借瘉鏄庢��鐗规槸鍦ㄨ璋庡悧锛� 銆�銆�瀹為檯涓婏紝鏌忔灄鐖靛湪涔︿腑鎵�琛ㄧ幇鍑烘潵鐨勭瀛︾簿绁炲拰绉戝绱犲吇锛屼笉浠呮瘮鏂硅垷瀛愬己鍑哄崄鍊嶇櫨鍊嶏紝姣旀��鐗瑰拰璞柉鏇间篃瑕佸己寰楀銆傞鍏堬紝浠栨煡闃呬簡澶ч噺鐨勬枃鐚紙鍏ㄤ功鍙傝�冩枃鐚揪52浠斤級锛岃鏁欎簡鍚勭涓撳锛屽褰撴椂娴佽鐨勫叧浜庡寲鐭宠捣婧愮殑鍚勭鍋囪閫氳繃閫昏緫鍜屽父璇嗘柟娉曡繘琛屾帹鏁茶鲸璇侊紝鐒跺悗鎻愬嚭鑷繁鐨勫亣璇达細杩欎簺鈥滃浘妗堢煶澶粹�濇槸鈥滆嚜鐒垛�濓紙Nature锛夌殑浣滃搧銆傚湪鏌忔灄鐖电殑璇眹涓紝鈥滆嚜鐒垛�濈殑鍚箟鍜屾垜浠粖澶╂墍鐞嗚В鐨勫畬鍏ㄤ竴鑷淬�傛煆鏋楃埖浠庢湭灏嗕笂甯濆綋浣滆繖浜涚煶澶寸殑鈥滀綔鑰呪�濓紙浠栬涓轰笂甯濇槸鑷劧鐨勪綔鑰咃級锛屼粬涔熶粠鏈帓闄よ嚜宸辨敹闆嗙殑鐭冲ご涓湁璧濆搧瀛樺湪鐨勫彲鑳斤紝鍙槸涓嶇浉淇′粬鐨勬墍鏈夋敹钘忓搧閮芥槸璧濆搧銆傛煆鏋楃埖鐨勨�滅瀛︾簿绁炩�濆湪绗崄涓夌珷鐨勭粨灏捐〃鐜板緱闈炲父娓呮锛� 銆�銆�鈥淏ut now my case rests, I have willingly submitted my plates to the scrutiny of wise men, desiring to learn their verdict, rather than to proclaim my own in this totally new and much mooted question. I address myself to scholars, hoping to be instructed by their most learned responses in this controversial matter, either from the press or from their own pen. It is my fervent expectation that illustrious lithographers will shed light upon this dispute which is as obscure as it is unusual. I shall add thereto my own humble torch, nor shall I spare any effort to reveal and declare whatever future yields may rise from the Wurzburg field under the continuous labors of my workers, and whatever opinion my mind may embrace.鈥濓紙p. 106.锛� 銆�銆�銆愯瘧鏂囷細鎴戠殑闄堣堪鍒版鑰屾锛屾垜鐜板湪鎰挎剰灏嗘垜鐨勫浘鐗堜氦缁欒搐浜烘櫤澹姞浠ュ鏌ワ紝甯屾湜鍚埌浠栦滑鐨勫垽鍐筹紝鑰屼笉鏄湪杩欎釜鍏ㄦ柊骞朵笖鎮�屾湭鍐崇殑闂涓婂甯冭嚜宸辩殑瑙傜偣銆傛垜甯屾湜鍚埌瀛﹁�呭杩欎釜鍏锋湁浜夎闂鐨勬笂鍗氱殑瑙佽В锛屼笉绠℃槸鍏紑鐨勮繕鏄涓嬬殑銆傛垜鐑垏鍦版湡寰呰繖浜涘浘鐗囪兘澶熷杩欎釜鏃㈤潪鍚屽甯稿張鐪熶吉闅捐鲸鐨勯棶棰樻湁鎵�鍔╃泭銆傛垜浼氬杩欎釜闂娣诲姞涓�浜涜嚜宸卞崙寰笉瓒崇殑鍏変寒锛屾垜涔熶細缁х画灏嗘垜鐨勯泧宸ュ湪涔屽吂鍫″彂鎺樺嚭鏉ョ殑鐗╁搧锛屼笉璁烘槸浠�涔堬紝涔熶笉璁烘垜鑷繁鐨勮鐐瑰浣曪紝姣棤淇濈暀鍦板叕寮�鍑烘潵銆傘�� 銆�銆�闅炬�繛鍙ゅ皵寰烽兘瀵规煆鏋楃埖鐨勫潶璇氳禐鍙逛笉宸诧細鈥渟hall we not praise the sentiment of openness锛熲�濓紙Gould, S. J. The lying stones of Wurzburg and Marrakech. Natural History. April, 1998.锛� 銆�銆�璇烽棶锛屾柟鑸熷瓙浠�涔堟椂鍊欐湁杩囪繖鏍峰紑璇氬竷鍏殑鈥滅瀛︾簿绁炩�濓紵 銆�銆�锛�夋柊涓栫邯宸ㄩ獥 銆�銆� 涓嶈鏍囩偣绗﹀彿锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鐨勩�婄煶澶翠篃鑳借璋庛�嬩竴鏂囧叡鏈�点��鍙ャ��38涓瓧銆傚鏋滆瀹冪殑姣忎釜瀛椼�佹瘡鍙ヨ瘽閮借璋庤█鍜屾棤鐭ユ墍娴搁�忥紝寰堝彲鑳芥湁浜涜█杩囧叾瀹炪�備絾鏄紝濡傛灉璇村畠鐨勬瘡涓�涓钀介兘鍏呮弧浜嗛敊璇紝鍗翠竾鏃犱竴澶便�傛寚鍑鸿繖浜涢敊璇綋鐒朵笉鏄毦浜嬶紝鍥伴毦鐨勬槸锛屾垜浠繕瑕佹壘鍑烘柟鑸熷瓙鐘敊璇殑鏉ユ簮锛氬埌搴曟槸鍑轰簬鎰氭槯鏃犵煡锛岃繕鏄晠鎰忔拻璋庛�傝鎴戜滑鍏堢湅绗竴娈碉紙寮曟枃鏉ヨ嚜鏂拌涓濈綉绔欙紝涓嬪悓锛夛細 銆�銆�鈥滃彜甯岃厞鍝插瀹惰壊璇鸿姮灏兼渶鏃╁鍖栫煶杩涜浜嗘弿杩帮紝骞朵笖鍑嗙‘鍦版帹娴嬪嚭鍖栫煶鏄湪缁忓巻浜嗘极闀跨殑鍦拌川婕斿彉涔嬪悗鐣欎笅鏉ョ殑鐢熺墿閬楄抗銆傝繖鍦ㄤ腑涓栫邯鐨勬娲叉垚浜嗙缁忓彌閬撶殑瑙傜偣锛屽洜涓哄熀鐫ｆ暀銆婂湥缁忋�嬪凡娓呮琛ㄦ槑锛岃嚜浠庝笂甯濆垱閫犱笘鐣屽埌鐜板湪锛屽彧鏈夊尯鍖烘暟鍗冨勾锛屾病鏈変负鍦拌川婕斿彉鎻愪緵瓒冲闀跨殑鏃堕棿銆傝�屼笖锛屾湁璁稿鍖栫煶涓庣幇瀛樼殑鐢熺墿閮藉ぇ涓嶄竴鏍枫�傚洜姝わ紝浜轰滑鏅亶璁や负鍖栫煶鏄拰鐢熺墿浣撴病鏈変换浣曞叧绯汇�佽嚜鐒跺舰鎴愮殑鐭冲ご鍥惧儚锛屾槸涓婂笣鍒朵綔鐨勮壓鏈搧銆傗�� 銆�銆�浜嬪疄鏄紝鑹茶鑺凹锛圶enophánes of Colophon锛屽叕鍏冨墠鍏笘绾埌浜斾笘绾級鍙槸瀵瑰寲鐭崇殑璧锋簮鍋氬嚭浜嗙寽娴嬶紝鑰岃繖涓寽娴嬬殑鏍稿績灏辨槸鍦ㄥ湴鐞冩浘缁忚娴锋按鎵�瑕嗙洊锛屽綋鏃跺湡鍦拌娴锋按婧惰В锛屽緟鍒版偿娌欐矇绉箣鍚庯紝鐢熺墿鍙樻垚浜嗗寲鐭炽�傝壊璇鸿姮灏肩殑杩欎釜鍋囪锛屽疄闄呬笂鏄崄涓冧笘绾湯鑻卞浗浜篔ohn Woodward 鎻愬嚭鐨勨�滃ぇ娲按鍋囪鈥濓紙Deluvialist hypotheses锛夌殑鍏堥┍锛屼笉浠呬竴鐧惧勾鍓嶇殑鎬�鐗硅繖涔堣涓猴紝鐜板湪鐨勫湴璐ㄥ瀹朵滑涔熻繖涔堣涓恒�傦紙瑙侊細White, A. D. A HISTORY OF THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE WITH THEOLOGY IN CHRISTENDOM. p. 227; George Kish, G. A SOURCE BOOK IN GEOGRAPHY. Harvard University Press, 1978. p. 20.锛変粠杩欎竴鐐规潵璇达紝鑹茶鑺凹鐨勫亣璇翠笉浠呮牴鏈氨涓嶄細鈥滃湪涓笘绾殑娆ф床鎴愪簡绂荤粡鍙涢亾鐨勮鐐光�濓紝鎭版伆鐩稿弽锛岃繖涓亣璇翠笌銆婂湥缁忋�嬬殑鎻忚堪鐩稿綋鍚诲悎銆� 銆�銆�闂鏄紝杩炰富寮犫�滃啿绐佸璇粹�濇渶鍔涚殑寰锋媺鐝�鍜屾��鐗归兘娌℃湁璇磋壊璇鸿姮灏肩殑鍋囪涓庡熀鐫ｆ暀鏈夊啿绐侊紝涓轰粈涔堝瑗挎柟鍘嗗彶鑼劧鏃犵煡鐨勬柟鑸熷瓙鍗村悗鏉ュ眳涓婏紝缂栭�犲嚭浜嗚繖涓柊鐨勨�滃啿绐佸璇粹�濆憿锛熷師鏉ワ紝鎬�鐗硅櫧鐒舵病鏈夎鑹茶鑺凹鍋囪涓庢暀浼氭湁鍐茬獊锛屼絾鏄粬鍗磋鍦拌川瀛︾殑鏂板彂鐜颁笌銆婂湥缁忋�嬬殑鍒涗笘绾娉曟湁鍐茬獊锛堚�渢he prevailing doctrine of the Church continued to be that 鈥榓ll things were made at the beginning of the world,鈥� and that to say that stones and fossils were made before or since 鈥榯he beginning鈥� is contrary to Scripture.鈥漰. 215.锛夋樉鐒讹紝鏂硅垷瀛愬埄鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鏃犵煡鎶婃��鐗圭殑涓ょ涓嶅悓瑙傜偣杩炵郴鍒颁簡涓�璧凤紝缂栭�犲嚭浜嗏�滆壊璇鸿姮灏兼渶鏃╁鍖栫煶杩涜浜嗘弿杩扳�︹�﹀湪涓笘绾殑娆ф床鎴愪簡绂荤粡鍙涢亾鐨勮鐐光�濊繖鏍风殑璇存硶銆� 銆�銆�瀹為檯涓婏紝瀵逛簬銆婂湥缁忋�嬬殑鍒涗笘绾娉曪紝瀹楁暀鐣屼竴鐩村氨鏈変袱绉嶈鐐癸紝涓�绉嶆槸灏嗐�婂湥缁忋�嬩腑鎵�璇寸殑鈥滄渶鍒濃�濈悊瑙ｄ负鏃犻檺闀跨殑鏃堕棿锛屽彟涓�绉嶅氨鏄妸鎵�璋撶殑鈥滄懇瑗挎椂鏈熲�濈悊瑙ｄ负闈炲父闀跨殑鏃堕棿銆傚洜姝ゃ�婂湥缁忋�嬬殑璇存硶涓庡湴璐ㄥ鐞嗚骞舵病鏈夋牴鏈殑鍐茬獊銆傦紙鈥淭here are two interpretations of Genesis that admit the claims of Geologists, of a great age for the earth. One is by giving to the words: 鈥業n the beginning鈥� (God created the heavens and the earth) an indefinite length of time. 鈥︹�nother interpretation making the Mosaic days vast periods of time, would be in most perfect accord with the claims of geology.鈥濊锛欱rennan, M. S. THE SCIENCE OF THE BIBLE. B. Herder, 1898. p. 225.锛� 銆�銆�鑷充簬鏂硅垷瀛愯鐨勨�滃洜姝わ紝浜轰滑鏅亶璁や负鍖栫煶鏄拰鐢熺墿浣撴病鏈変换浣曞叧绯汇�佽嚜鐒跺舰鎴愮殑鐭冲ご鍥惧儚锛屾槸涓婂笣鍒朵綔鐨勮壓鏈搧鈥濓紝涔熸槸鎶勮鎬�鐗圭殑璇存硶锛� 銆�銆�鈥淎gain we find theological substitutes for scientific explanation ripening into phrases more and more hollow 鈥� making fossils 鈥榮ports of Nature,鈥� or 鈥榤ineral concretions,鈥� or 鈥榗reations of plastic force,鈥� or 鈥榤odels鈥� made by the Creator before he had fully decided upon the best manner of creating various beings.鈥濓紙p. 215.锛� 銆�銆�銆愯瘧鏂囷細鎴戜滑鍐嶆鍙戠幇锛岀瀛﹁В閲婄殑绁炲鏇夸唬鍝佸彂灞曟垚瓒婃潵瓒婄┖娲炵殑璇嶈椈锛岃鍖栫煶鏄�滆嚜鐒剁殑鍙樼鈥濓紝鎴栬�呮槸鈥滅熆鐗╃殑鍑濊仛鈥濓紝鎴栬�呮槸鈥滃閫犲姏鐨勪骇鐗┾�濓紝鎴栬�呮槸閫犵墿涓诲湪鍐冲畾鍒涢�犲悇绉嶄笉鍚岀墿绉嶄箣鍓嶅埗閫犵殑鈥滄ā鍨嬧�濄�傘�� 銆�銆�鏈�濂界瑧鐨勬槸锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鍒氬垰鎶勮瀹屾��鐗癸紝椹笂灏卞弽杩囨潵鎵撴��鐗圭殑鍢村反銆傛柟鑸熷瓙鐨勭浜屾鏄細 銆�銆�鈥滃埌17涓栫邯涓嬪崐鍙讹紝鏈夊嚑鍚嶈憲鍚嶅崥鐗╁瀹跺厛鍚庝护浜轰俊鏈嶅湴璇佹槑浜嗗寲鐭冲繀瀹氭潵婧愪簬鐢熺墿浣擄紝杩欑瑙傜偣閫愭笎鍦ㄥ鏈晫鍗犱簡涓绘祦銆備絾鏄粛鏈変竴浜涘鑰呭姝や笉浠ヤ负鐒躲�傚痉鍥戒箤鍏瑰牎澶у鍖诲闄㈤櫌闀挎煆鏋楁牸锛�67-1740锛変究鏄叾涓殑涓�浣嶏紝浠栧潥淇″寲鐭充笉杩囨槸鈥樹竴绉嶅ぇ鑷劧鐨勪綔鑰咃紙涓婂笣锛夎嚜寰楀叾涔愬湴鍩嬭棌璧锋潵鐨勭壒娈婄煶澶粹�欍�傛煆鏋楁牸鍠滄鏀惰棌鍖栫煶锛屽苟鐐��鍏惰棌鍝佸拰鍋氭湁鍏虫紨璁层�備粬闆囦簡涓夊悕鐢峰鏇夸粬鎸栨帢鍖栫煶銆�25骞达紝浠栫殑涓ゅ悕鍚屼簨锛屼竴鍚嶅湴鐞嗗鍏兼暟瀛︽暀鎺堝拰涓�鍚嶅浘涔﹂鍛橈紝瀵规煆鏋楁牸鐨勫偛鎱㈠緢涓嶆弧锛屾兂璁╀粬鍑哄嚭涓戙�備粬浠洉鍒讳簡涓�浜涘亣鍖栫煶锛屾敹涔颁簡涓�鍚嶈鏌忔灄鏍奸泧浣ｇ殑鐢峰锛屽彨浠栨妸瀹冧滑鎸栧嚭鏉ョ尞缁欐煆鏋楁牸銆傗�� 銆�銆�鏂硅垷瀛愯绗竴鍙ヨ瘽鐨勬剰鎬濓紝鏄剧劧鏄鎶婃煆鏋楃埖濉戦�犱负鍐ラ〗涓嶅寲鐨勫畻鏁欎俊寰掞紝闈㈠鐫�鈥滃湪瀛︽湳鐣屽崰浜嗕富娴佲�濈殑绉戝瑙傜偣鎷掍笉鎺ュ彈銆傚彲浜嬪疄鍗存槸锛屾��鐗规槑鏄庤锛屽湪鏌忔灄鐖垫椂浠ｏ紝绁炲瑙傜偣寮傚父寮哄ぇ锛堚�淥f this period, when theological substitutes for science were carrying all before them,鈥漰. 215.锛変笉浠呭姝わ紝杩炶豹鏂浖涔熻锛屸�滃寲鐭冲繀瀹氭潵婧愪簬鐢熺墿浣擄紝杩欑瑙傜偣閫愭笎鍦ㄥ鏈晫鍗犱簡涓绘祦鈥濇槸鍦ㄥ崄涔濅笘绾互鍚庣殑浜嬫儏锛堚�淚t was not until about 1800 that it was determined that fossils were relics of animal and vegetable life that existed in prehistoric times, and had become entombed in rock, in frozen mud, in the beds of rivers,皇冠, even in the soft gum of cone-bearing trees.鈥漈he Mentor 10:40.锛� 銆�銆�閭ｄ箞锛屾槸涓嶆槸璞柉鏇煎拰鎬�鐗圭殑瀛﹂棶娌℃湁鏂硅垷瀛愬ぇ锛屽洜姝や粬浠殑璇存硶涓嶅锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鐨勮娉曟墠瀵瑰憿锛熻鎴戜滑鐪嬬湅琚柟鑸熷瓙灏婁负鈥滅甯堢埛鈥濈殑鍙ゅ皵寰凤紙Stephen Jay Gould锛夋�庝箞璇淬�傘�愭敞锛�11骞��鏃ワ紝鏂硅垷瀛愬湪鍥炲簲鑷繁鎶勮缇庡浗鏁欐巿浜嬩欢鏃讹紝涓嶇煡缇炶�诲湴璇达細鈥滄湰浜鸿兘鍜孏ould鍚屽垪锛岀湡鏄崳骞搞�傗�濊锛歔weibo.com]銆戙��98骞�堬紝鍙ゅ皵寰峰湪缇庡浗鐨勩�婅嚜鐒跺巻鍙层�嬫潅蹇楋紙Natural History锛変笂鍙戣〃浜嗕竴绡�em>鏂囩珷锛岄鐩槸锛歍he lying stones of Wurzburg and Marrakech銆傝繖绡�em>鏂囩珷寰堥暱锛屾湁鍏崈澶氬崟璇嶏紝浣嗘槸锛屽鎴戜滑鏈夌敤鐨勫彧鏈夎繖鍙ヨ瘽锛� 銆�銆�鈥淏ut when we enter Beringer's early-eighteenth-century world of geological understanding, his interpretations,六合彩网上投注, however improbable (and however tragically misguided), do not seem so absurd.鈥� 銆�銆�銆愯瘧鏂囷細浣嗘槸锛屽綋鎴戜滑杩涘叆鏌忔灄鐖电殑鍗佸叓涓栫邯鍒濇湡鐨勫湴璐ㄥ鐭ヨ瘑姘涘洿鏃讹紝浠栫殑瑙ｉ噴锛屽敖绠′笉澶潬璋憋紝骞朵笖琚偛鍓ф�у湴璇浜嗭紝鍗村苟涓嶆槸閭ｄ箞鑽掕艾銆傘�� 銆�銆�1999骞达紝缇庡浗鍔犲窞澶у鍙ょ敓鐗╁瀹躲�佷竴骞村墠鍒氬垰褰撻�夌編鍥界瀛﹂櫌闄㈠＋鐨� J. William Schopf 鍦ㄤ竴鏈功涓锛� 銆�銆�鈥淭o fathom Beringer's blunder we first need to understand what was known and what was not known about the nature of fossils. His was a time of turmoil in paleontology, of competing ideas and uncertain answers. 鈥濓紙Schopf, J. W. Cradle of Life: The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils. Princeton University Press, 1999. p. 297.锛� 銆�銆�銆愯瘧鏂囷細瑕佸鎵炬煆鏋楃埖澶辫鐨勫師鍥狅紝鎴戜滑棣栧厛闇�瑕佺悊瑙ｏ紙褰撴椂锛夊浜庡寲鐭崇殑鏈川鏈夊灏戜簡瑙ｃ�傛煆鏋楃埖鐢熸椿鍦ㄥ彜鐢熺墿瀛︾殑鍔ㄨ崱鏃舵湡锛屼笉鍚岀殑瑙傚康浜掔浉绔炰簤锛屾病鏈夌‘鍒囩殑绛旀銆傘�� 銆�銆�鎴戜滑鏄簲璇ョ浉淇″搱浣涘ぇ瀛︽暀鎺堝拰缇庡浗绉戝闄㈤櫌澹憿锛岃繕鏄浉淇″凡琚棤鏁版璇佹槑涓哄皬鍋烽獥瀛愮殑缃戠粶娣峰瓙鏂硅垷瀛愶紵濡傛灉鎴戜滑鍋氬嚭鍚堢悊鐨勯�夋嫨鐨勮瘽锛岄偅涔堬紝鍗佸叓涓栫邯鐨勬煆鏋楃埖涓庝簩鍗佷竴涓栫邯鐨勬柟鑸熷瓙鍒板簳璋佹洿鎰氳牏銆佽皝鏇村彲绗戯紵 銆�銆�鏂硅垷瀛愬綋鐒跺苟涓嶄粎浠呭彲绗戙�傛捣鍐呭鐨勫鑰呬滑涔嬫墍浠ュ拰鏂硅垷瀛愬強鍏惰儗鍚庣殑閭伓鍔垮姏涓嶅眻涓嶆尃鍦版枟浜変簡鍗佷釜骞村ご锛屾渶涓昏鐨勫師鍥犲氨鏄柟鑸熷瓙鐨勫彲鎭ㄣ�傝�屼粬涔嬫墍浠ュ彲鎭紝鏍瑰瓙灏卞湪浜庝粬鏈�х殑閭伓銆傝�屽湪缂栭�犮�佽穿鍗栬皫鐭虫晠浜嬫椂锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鐨勯偑鎭舵洿鏄毚闇插緱绾ゆ姣曡锛氫粬涓�闈㈢疆鎬�鐗光�旇豹鏂浖鎵�闄堣堪鐨勭瀛︿簨瀹炰簬涓嶉【锛屼竴闈㈢収鎶勮繖涓や釜浜虹粰鏌忔灄鐖电紪閫犵殑璋ｈ█锛屽苟涓旇繕鐓炴湁浠嬩簨鍦颁娇鐢ㄤ簡寮曞彿锛屸�滀竴绉嶅ぇ鑷劧鐨勪綔鑰咃紙涓婂笣锛夎嚜寰楀叾涔愬湴鍩嬭棌璧锋潵鐨勭壒娈婄煶澶粹�濄�傝�岃繖鎭版伆璇存槑锛屾柟鑸熷瓙缂栭�犮�佺鏀瑰巻鍙诧紝鏄搫鎰忕殑銆� 銆�銆�銆愭敞锛氭柟鑸熷瓙鎶妉ibrarian璇戞垚鈥滃浘涔﹂鍛樷�濈獊鏄惧叾鏃犵煡銆傚疄闄呬笂锛屽湪鏌忔灄鐖垫椂浠ｏ紝librarian灏辨槸鍥句功棣嗛暱锛岃�屾煆鏋楃埖鐨勯偅鍚嶁�滃悓浜嬧�濓紝the Honorable George von Eckhart涔熺‘瀹炴槸鍥句功棣嗛暱锛圥rivy Councillor and Librarian to the Court and to the University锛夈�傘�� 銆�銆�锛�夌粨璁� 銆�銆� 绗旇�呮浘缁忔寚鍑猴紝鍥犱负鏈夎颈杩欎綅绔嬪織瑕佹悶鈥滈珮绾х鏅�濈殑鈥滅編鍥界敓鐗╀俊鎭叕鍙稿挩璇㈢瀛﹀鈥濈殑韬唤锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鍦ㄦ渶鍒濆苟涓嶆効鎰忔埓杩欓《鈥滅鏅綔瀹垛�濈殑甯藉瓙銆傦紙瑙佷害鏄庛�婄鍞綔瀹舵柟鑸熷瓙銆嬶級銆傝�屾嵁鏂硅垷瀛愯嚜宸辫锛屼粬鐨勭鏅箣鎵�浠モ�滈珮绾р�濓紝灏卞湪浜庝粬鈥滄櫘鍙婄瀛︽柟娉曞拰绉戝绮剧鈥濓紝鑰屽埆浜哄垯鈥滀粎浠呮槸鏅強绉戝鐭ヨ瘑鈥濄�傦紙瑙佹柟鑸熷瓙锛氥�婁护浜哄け鏈涚殑鈥滀腑鍥界鏅綉鈥濃�斺�旂綉绔欒瘎鐐逛箣鍗佷竷銆嬶紝1999骞��鏃ャ�婁腑鍥介潚骞存姤銆嬶紱鏂硅垷瀛愶細銆娿�堣繘琛屾柊绡囩珷銆夊悗璁般�嬶紝婀栧崡鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�00骞寸増283椤碉級銆傝�屼簨瀹炴槸锛屾柟鑸熷瓙鍒板瀹ｆ壃鐨勯偅涓�滅瀛︽柟娉曗�濓紝灏卞儚浠栧枊鍠嬩笉浼戠殑鈥滅瀛︿笌瀹楁暀鐨勫啿绐佷笉鍙皟鍜屸�濊璋冧竴鏍凤紝鍦ㄨタ鏂瑰鏈晫鏃╁氨鎴愪簡钀芥棩榛勮姳锛屽鏋滆繕娌℃湁鍒拌嚟涓嶅彲闂荤殑鍦版鐨勮瘽銆傦紙璇︾粏璁鸿瘉瑙佺瑪鑰呫�婃柟鑸熷瓙鎳傜瀛﹀悧锛熴�嬶紝淇熷悗璐村嚭锛夈�傝�屾柟鑸熷瓙鍒板鎷跨潃鈥滅瀛︹�濈殑妫嶆鏉モ�滄墦鍋団�濄�佲�滃弽浼�濓紝鎭版伆璇存槑浠栨槸涓浗锛屸�斺�斾笉锛屾槸鏁翠釜涓栫晫鈥斺�旓紝鏈�娌℃湁鈥滅瀛︾簿绁炩�濅箣浜恒�傚亣濡傛柟鑸熷瓙鎵�鍋氱殑杩欎竴鍒囷紝瀹屽叏鏄嚭浜庢棤鐭ョ殑璇濓紝鎴戜滑瀵逛粬鐨勬毚琛屽姡杩硅繕鍙互鍘熻皡銆備絾鏄紝澶ч噺鐨勪簨瀹炶〃鏄庯紝闄や簡鏃犵煡锛屽湪寰堝鏃跺�欙紝鏂硅垷瀛愭槸鍦ㄨ搫鎰忎綔鎭躲�佽楠椼�傛墍浠ワ紝浠栨槸涓�涓交澶村交灏剧殑鈥滅瀛﹂獥瀛愨�濃�斺�斾緷闈犫�滅瀛︹�濈殑鎷涚墝銆佹姭鐫�鈥滅瀛︹�濈殑澶栬,太阳城娱乐城。琛岄獥銆傛洿涓轰护浜轰笉榻跨殑鏄紝鏂硅垷瀛愯楠楃殑閬撳叿锛岄兘鏄タ鏂瑰鏈晫涓�涓笘绾互鍓嶇殑鐮寸儌璐с�傝�屻�婁腑鍥介潚骞存姤銆嬬殑缃灏卞湪浜庯紝瀹冧笉浠呯粰杩欎釜鎷跨潃鍙戦湁鐨勭儌璐ц楠楃殑绉戝楠楀瓙棰佸彂琛岄獥璁稿彲璇侊紝瀹冭繕涓鸿繖涓獥瀛愯楠楁彁渚涙憡浣嶃�佸睍鐐癸紝鐢氳嚦璧勯噾銆� 銆�銆�銆愭敞锛氭湰鏂囧紩鐢ㄧ殑鎵�鏈夋枃鐚紝閮藉彲浠ュ湪Google Books涓壘鍒般�傜敤鍏抽敭鐭鎼滅储鍗冲彲銆傘�� (责任编辑：admin) |